Add Windows cross-compilation via MinGW, and fix Docker build permission

issues on vboxsf-mounted checkouts

New `make dist-win`/`package-win` targets (folded into `dist`/`package`
alongside the renamed `dist-linux`/`package-linux`) cross-compile
systemshock.exe via MinGW, using prebuilt SDL2/SDL2_mixer/GLEW/
fluidsynth-lite baked into the build-image - no Windows machine or Wine
needed to build it, confirmed working and playable on a real Windows
machine. dist-win/ ships DLLs flat alongside the exe plus a new
res/run.bat launcher, packaged into a .zip the same way dist/ becomes a
.tar.gz.

Also fixes three build-image bugs hit while testing on a VirtualBox
vboxsf-mounted checkout: build-engine.sh/docker-entrypoint.sh losing
their execute bit (chmod +x on restrictive source perms), the container
user missing access to /workspace's supplementary vboxsf group, and
cp -a failing on symlink/hard-link creation (vboxsf doesn't support
either) - now falls back to dereferencing copies when detected. Also
adds Docker/zip/etc. prerequisites to the README for both the desktop
and Quest builds.

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+* text=auto
+*.sh text eol=lf

.gitea/workflows/build.yml

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 name: build
 
-# Builds a versioned Linux release tarball (see `make package`) on every
+# Builds versioned Linux and Windows release packages (see `make
-# push/PR, plus on-demand via the Gitea "Run workflow" button. Runs
+# package`, which builds both - a .tar.gz and a .zip) on every push/PR,
+# plus on-demand via the Gitea "Run workflow" button. Runs
 # inside the build-image (see ../../build-image/Dockerfile, built/pushed
 # via ../../build-image.sh and ../../upload-image.sh), which bundles
-# every dependency engine/ needs to compile - no network access needed
+# every dependency engine/ needs to compile (for both platforms,
-# at job runtime. Since the job's container already *is* the build-image
+# including the Windows cross-toolchain) - no network access needed at
-# (QUESTSHOCK_BUILD_IMAGE=1), `make package`'s `engine` prerequisite
+# job runtime. Since the job's container already *is* the build-image
-# compiles directly instead of trying to docker-run it again, which
+# (QUESTSHOCK_BUILD_IMAGE=1), `make package`'s `engine`/`engine-win`
-# wouldn't work here (no nested docker).
+# prerequisites compile directly instead of trying to docker-run it
+# again, which wouldn't work here (no nested docker).
 on:
   push:
   pull_request:
@@ -50,17 +52,22 @@ jobs:
           # comment) - openxr was added to this image in the same
           # Android/Quest layer, so it's an equally good marker of that.
           [ -d /opt/prebuilt/android/openxr ] || { echo "PREFLIGHT FAIL: /opt/prebuilt/android/openxr missing - runner is using a build-image older than the Android/Quest layer" >&2; exit 1; }
+          [ -d /opt/prebuilt/win/sdl2 ] || { echo "PREFLIGHT FAIL: /opt/prebuilt/win/sdl2 missing - runner is using a build-image older than the Windows cross-build layer" >&2; exit 1; }
+          command -v x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "PREFLIGHT FAIL: x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc not in PATH" >&2; exit 1; }
+          command -v zip >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "PREFLIGHT FAIL: zip not in PATH (needed by make package-win)" >&2; exit 1; }
 
       - name: Build package
         run: make package
 
-      - name: Upload build artifact
+      - name: Upload build artifacts
         # v4 uses the newer @actions/artifact backend, which this Gitea
         # instance's artifact storage doesn't support (GHESNotSupportedError) - v3 works.
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           name: shockolate
-          path: dist/shockolate-*-linux-*.tar.gz
+          path: |
+            dist/shockolate-*-linux-*.tar.gz
+            dist/shockolate-*-windows-*.zip
 
       - name: Build Quest APK
         # QUESTSHOCK_BUILD_IMAGE is already set (see Preflight above), so
@@ -78,13 +85,14 @@ jobs:
           path: dist/questshock-*-android-*.apk
 
       - name: Publish to dl.ladkau.de
-        # Uploads the tarball and APK over SFTP instead of using
+        # Uploads the tarball, zip, and APK over SFTP instead of using
         # actions/upload-artifact (whose zip wrapping can't be disabled).
         # Only runs on push so PR builds don't publish.
         if: gitea.event_name == 'push'
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
           TARBALL="$(ls dist/shockolate-*-linux-*.tar.gz)"
+          ZIP="$(ls dist/shockolate-*-windows-*.zip)"
           APK="$(ls dist/questshock-*-android-*.apk)"
           mkdir -p ~/.ssh
           echo "${{ secrets.DL_SFTP_KEY }}" > ~/.ssh/dl_sftp_key
@@ -94,5 +102,6 @@ jobs:
             uploader@dl.ladkau.de <<EOF
           -mkdir files/questshock
           put $TARBALL files/questshock/$(basename "$TARBALL")
+          put $ZIP files/questshock/$(basename "$ZIP")
           put $APK files/questshock/$(basename "$APK")
           EOF

.gitignore

@@ -3,16 +3,21 @@
 
 # Game assets are not included in the repo
 /res/assets/setup_system_shock_enhanced*
+/res/assets/*.zip
 /res/assets/ss_ee/
 
 # Build output
 /dist/
+/dist-win/
 /build/
 
 # Engine build artifacts (engine/ is committed as a source snapshot; these
-# are generated by run-image.sh / build-image/build-engine.sh)
+# are generated by run-image.sh / build-image/build-engine.sh /
+# build-image/build-engine-win.sh - the Windows cross-build's own scratch
+# copy of engine/ lives under /build/win-engine/, already covered above)
 /engine/build_ext/
 /engine/.build-output/
+/engine/.build-output-win/
 /engine/CMakeCache.txt
 /engine/CMakeFiles/
 /engine/cmake_install.cmake

Makefile

@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
-# Assembles dist/ - a self-contained, runnable copy of System Shock -
+# Assembles dist/ (Linux) and dist-win/ (Windows, cross-compiled via
-# from the compiled engine (built via Docker, see build-image.sh/
+# MinGW) - self-contained, runnable copies of System Shock - from the
-# run-image.sh) and the game assets extracted from a purchased copy (see
+# compiled engine (built via Docker, see build-image.sh/run-image.sh) and
+# the game assets extracted from a purchased copy (see
 # res/assets/extract_assets.sh). Building the engine needs the build-image
 # (./build-image.sh, once); everything else here is plain file copying.
+# `dist-linux`/`dist-win` build just one platform; plain `dist` builds
+# both.
 #
-# `make package` instead builds a redistributable tarball that omits the
+# `make package` instead builds redistributable archives (a .tar.gz for
-# proprietary game assets entirely (see res/assets/GET_ASSETS.txt, which
+# Linux, a .zip for Windows) that omit the proprietary game assets
-# it ships in their place) - this is what CI publishes.
+# entirely (see res/assets/GET_ASSETS.txt, which they ship in their
+# place) - this is what CI publishes. Same dist-linux/dist-win/(both)
+# split via package-linux/package-win/package.
 
-DIST_DIR    := dist
+DIST_DIR       := dist
-ENGINE_OUT  := engine/.build-output
+DIST_WIN_DIR   := dist-win
-ASSETS_DIR  := res/assets/ss_ee
+ENGINE_OUT     := engine/.build-output
-BUILD_DIR   := build
+ENGINE_OUT_WIN := engine/.build-output-win
-ARCH        := $(shell uname -m)
+ASSETS_DIR     := res/assets/ss_ee
+BUILD_DIR      := build
+ARCH           := $(shell uname -m)
 
-.PHONY: all dist build-image engine assets package apk android-studio clean
+.PHONY: all dist dist-linux dist-win build-image engine engine-win assets \
+	package package-linux package-win apk android-studio clean
 
 all: dist
 
@@ -40,6 +48,16 @@ engine:
 		./run-image.sh; \
 	fi
 
+# Cross-compiles engine/ for Windows via MinGW - see build-engine-win.sh
+# for why this can't share build-engine.sh's engine/build_ext/ (a scratch
+# copy is used instead). Same QUESTSHOCK_BUILD_IMAGE detection as `engine`.
+engine-win:
+	@if [ -n "$$QUESTSHOCK_BUILD_IMAGE" ]; then \
+		bash build-image/build-engine-win.sh; \
+	else \
+		./run-image.sh bash build-image/build-engine-win.sh; \
+	fi
+
 # Fails with a pointer to extract_assets.sh if the purchased game assets
 # haven't been extracted yet.
 assets:
@@ -49,7 +67,10 @@ assets:
 		exit 1; \
 	fi
 
-dist: engine assets
+# Builds both platforms. `dist-linux`/`dist-win` build just one.
+dist: dist-linux dist-win
+
+dist-linux: engine assets
 	@echo "== Assembling $(DIST_DIR) =="
 	rm -rf "$(DIST_DIR)/systemshock" "$(DIST_DIR)/lib" "$(DIST_DIR)/res" \
 		"$(DIST_DIR)/shaders" "$(DIST_DIR)/run.sh"
@@ -64,6 +85,27 @@ dist: engine assets
 	chmod +x "$(DIST_DIR)/run.sh"
 	@echo "== Done - run $(DIST_DIR)/run.sh to play =="
 
+# Windows counterpart of dist-linux. Unlike dist/, the DLLs sit flat
+# alongside systemshock.exe instead of in a lib/ subdirectory - Windows'
+# default DLL search order already checks the executable's own directory
+# first, so (unlike run.sh's LD_LIBRARY_PATH) run.bat needs no extra
+# wiring for that.
+dist-win: engine-win assets
+	@echo "== Assembling $(DIST_WIN_DIR) =="
+	rm -rf "$(DIST_WIN_DIR)"
+	mkdir -p "$(DIST_WIN_DIR)/res/data" "$(DIST_WIN_DIR)/res/sound"
+	cp "$(ENGINE_OUT_WIN)/systemshock.exe" "$(ENGINE_OUT_WIN)"/*.dll "$(DIST_WIN_DIR)/"
+	cp "$(ENGINE_OUT_WIN)/soundfont.sf2" "$(DIST_WIN_DIR)/res/"
+	cp -a engine/shaders "$(DIST_WIN_DIR)/shaders"
+	cp -a "$(ASSETS_DIR)/data/." "$(DIST_WIN_DIR)/res/data/"
+	cp -a "$(ASSETS_DIR)/sound/." "$(DIST_WIN_DIR)/res/sound/"
+	cp res/run.bat "$(DIST_WIN_DIR)/run.bat"
+	@echo "== Done - run $(DIST_WIN_DIR)/run.bat (or systemshock.exe) to play =="
+
+# Builds both platforms' redistributable archives. `package-linux`/
+# `package-win` build just one.
+package: package-linux package-win
+
 # Builds a versioned, redistributable Linux release tarball at
 # dist/shockolate-<version>-linux-<arch>.tar.gz - everything needed to
 # run except the proprietary game assets (res/GET_ASSETS.txt explains how
@@ -72,7 +114,7 @@ dist: engine assets
 # tag to drive a release. Override with `make package VERSION=1.2.3`, or
 # just run it untagged for a local dev build (gets a 0.0.0-dev+<sha>
 # placeholder version, with a warning).
-package: engine
+package-linux: engine
 	@git config --global --add safe.directory "$$(pwd)" 2>/dev/null || true
 	@V="$$(VERSION="$(VERSION)" ./build-image/version.sh)"; \
 	PKG_NAME="shockolate-$$V-linux-$(ARCH)"; \
@@ -95,6 +137,33 @@ package: engine
 	rm -rf "$(BUILD_DIR)/package"; \
 	echo "Wrote $(DIST_DIR)/$$PKG_NAME.tar.gz"
 
+# Windows counterpart of package-linux: dist/shockolate-<version>-windows-
+# x86_64.zip. Same versioning (build-image/version.sh) and VERSION=
+# override. Needs `zip` on whatever host runs `make package-win` itself
+# (unlike engine-win's own build, packaging isn't run inside the
+# build-image) - see README's Desktop build prerequisites.
+package-win: engine-win
+	@git config --global --add safe.directory "$$(pwd)" 2>/dev/null || true
+	@command -v zip >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "PREFLIGHT FAIL: zip not found in PATH" >&2; exit 1; }
+	@V="$$(VERSION="$(VERSION)" ./build-image/version.sh)"; \
+	PKG_NAME="shockolate-$$V-windows-x86_64"; \
+	PKG_STAGE="$(BUILD_DIR)/package/$$PKG_NAME"; \
+	echo "Packaging $$PKG_NAME"; \
+	rm -rf "$$PKG_STAGE"; \
+	mkdir -p "$$PKG_STAGE/res"; \
+	cp "$(ENGINE_OUT_WIN)/systemshock.exe" "$(ENGINE_OUT_WIN)"/*.dll "$$PKG_STAGE/"; \
+	cp -a engine/shaders "$$PKG_STAGE/shaders"; \
+	cp "$(ENGINE_OUT_WIN)/soundfont.sf2" "$$PKG_STAGE/res/"; \
+	cp res/assets/GET_ASSETS.txt "$$PKG_STAGE/res/GET_ASSETS.txt"; \
+	cp res/run.bat "$$PKG_STAGE/run.bat"; \
+	cp LICENSE "$$PKG_STAGE/LICENSE"; \
+	cp engine/LICENSE "$$PKG_STAGE/LICENSE.Shockolate"; \
+	cp NOTICE.txt "$$PKG_STAGE/NOTICE.txt"; \
+	mkdir -p "$(DIST_DIR)"; \
+	(cd "$(BUILD_DIR)/package" && zip -rq "$(CURDIR)/$(DIST_DIR)/$$PKG_NAME.zip" "$$PKG_NAME"); \
+	rm -rf "$(BUILD_DIR)/package"; \
+	echo "Wrote $(DIST_DIR)/$$PKG_NAME.zip"
+
 # Builds the Quest APK (see build-image/build-apk.sh and
 # android/engine-patches/ - engine/ itself is never modified; a patch is
 # applied to a scratch copy at build time instead). Same
@@ -124,7 +193,7 @@ android-studio:
 	./run-image.sh bash build-image/prepare-android-project.sh --host-paths
 
 clean:
-	rm -rf "$(DIST_DIR)" "$(BUILD_DIR)" "$(ENGINE_OUT)" \
+	rm -rf "$(DIST_DIR)" "$(DIST_WIN_DIR)" "$(BUILD_DIR)" "$(ENGINE_OUT)" "$(ENGINE_OUT_WIN)" \
 		engine/build_ext engine/CMakeCache.txt engine/CMakeFiles \
 		engine/cmake_install.cmake engine/Makefile engine/systemshock \
 		engine/src/Libraries/CMakeFiles \

NOTICE.txt

@@ -16,3 +16,19 @@ The Android build additionally bundles:
 - The Khronos Group's OpenXR-SDK loader
   (https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenXR-SDK), prebuilt unmodified as
   lib/arm64-v8a/libopenxr_loader.so. It is Apache 2.0-licensed.
+
+The Windows build (cross-compiled via MinGW - see README's "4.2. Windows
+cross-build") additionally bundles:
+
+- GLEW (http://glew.sourceforge.net/), unmodified, as glew32.dll - used
+  for OpenGL extension loading, which Windows' own opengl32.dll doesn't
+  provide past OpenGL 1.1 (Linux instead gets this straight from Mesa's
+  headers, needing no separate loader library - see
+  engine/src/MacSrc/OpenGL.cc). It is licensed under a combination of the
+  Modified BSD License, the MIT License, and the Khronos License, all
+  permissive.
+- The MinGW-w64 runtime's winpthreads library, as libwinpthread-1.dll. It
+  is MIT-licensed. (GCC's own runtime, libgcc/libstdc++, is linked
+  statically into systemshock.exe instead of shipped as a DLL, under the
+  GCC Runtime Library Exception - this doesn't subject the rest of the
+  binary to the GPL.)

README.md

@@ -92,10 +92,30 @@ below.
 
 ## 4. Desktop build
 
-Builds and runs Questshock natively on Linux (your dev machine, or any
+Builds and runs Questshock natively on the desktop (your dev machine, or
-Linux box) - useful for local development and testing without a VR
+any Linux/Windows box) - useful for local development and testing
-headset at all. For the VR-headset build, see "5. Android / Quest build"
+without a VR headset at all. For the VR-headset build, see "5. Android /
-below instead.
+Quest build" below instead.
+
+Two platforms: Linux (native) and Windows (x86_64, cross-compiled via
+MinGW - see "4.2. Windows cross-build" below for how). `make dist`/`make
+package` build **both** by default; use `make dist-linux`/`make
+dist-win` (or `package-linux`/`package-win`) to build just one.
+
+**Prerequisites:**
+
+- **Docker** - `build-image.sh`/`run-image.sh` build and run the engine
+  build-image; no other build tool touches the host directly. The
+  Windows cross-toolchain (MinGW) is baked into the same build-image, so
+  building `dist-win` needs nothing extra beyond Docker itself.
+- **`innoextract` and `unzip`** - optional, only needed by
+  `res/assets/extract_assets.sh` (see "3. Game assets" above) to unpack
+  the GOG installer locally; if either is missing, that script falls
+  back to running the extraction inside a throwaway Docker container
+  instead.
+- **`zip`** - only needed on the host for `make package`/`package-win`
+  (the Windows release archive); `make dist`/`dist-win` and
+  `package-linux` don't need it.
 
 ```sh
 # 1. Build the engine build-image (once, or after build-image/ changes)
@@ -104,11 +124,12 @@ below instead.
 # 2. Get your own copy of the game data (see "3. Game assets" above), then:
 res/assets/extract_assets.sh
 
-# 3. Compile the engine and assemble dist/
+# 3. Compile the engine and assemble dist/ (Linux) and dist-win/ (Windows)
 make dist
 
 # 4. Play
-dist/run.sh
+dist/run.sh                    # Linux
+dist-win/run.bat                # Windows (or systemshock.exe directly)
 ```
 
 `make dist` always recompiles the engine from the current `engine/`
@@ -117,14 +138,38 @@ source (via `run-image.sh`), so a fresh build-image plus a re-run of
 
 ### 4.1. Packaging a distributable build
 
-`make package` builds `dist/shockolate-<version>-linux-<arch>.tar.gz`: the
+`make package` builds both `dist/shockolate-<version>-linux-<arch>.tar.gz`
-compiled binary, its runtime libraries, shaders, a default MIDI
+and `dist/shockolate-<version>-windows-x86_64.zip`: the compiled
-soundfont, license information, and `res/GET_ASSETS.txt` in place of the
+binary/DLLs, shaders, a default MIDI soundfont, license information, and
-actual game data (which the tarball never includes). Version comes from
+`res/GET_ASSETS.txt` in place of the actual game data (which neither
-the current git tag (push a `vX.Y.Z` tag to drive a release); without one
+archive ever includes). Version comes from the current git tag (push a
-it builds an untagged `0.0.0-dev+<sha>` placeholder. `make apk` (see
+`vX.Y.Z` tag to drive a release); without one it builds an untagged
-"5. Android / Quest build" below) is versioned identically, via the same
+`0.0.0-dev+<sha>` placeholder. `make apk` (see "5. Android / Quest build"
-`build-image/version.sh`.
+below) is versioned identically, via the same `build-image/version.sh`.
+
+### 4.2. Windows cross-build
+
+`make dist-win`/`make package-win` cross-compile a native Windows x86_64
+build via MinGW (`x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc`/`g++`, baked into the
+build-image alongside the Linux toolchain - see
+`build-image/build-engine-win.sh` and the "Windows cross-compile" section
+of `build-image/Dockerfile`) - no Windows machine, Wine, or VM involved
+in building it. `engine/CMakeLists.txt` already has working `WIN32`/
+`MINGW` branches from Shockolate's own upstream Windows build (built
+natively via Git Bash/MinGW on a real Windows machine - see
+`engine/build_win64.sh`/`engine/appveyor.yml`), so unlike the Quest
+build's `android/engine-patches/`, no source patching is needed here -
+this cross-compiles those same branches offline and reproducibly, from
+Linux, via Docker.
+
+`dist-win/`/the packaged `.zip` ship `systemshock.exe` with its DLLs
+(SDL2, SDL2_mixer, GLEW, fluidsynth-lite, plus the MinGW pthread runtime)
+sitting flat alongside it, rather than in a `lib/` subdirectory like
+`dist/` - Windows' default DLL search order already checks the
+executable's own directory first, so no `PATH`/library-path setup is
+needed the way `dist/run.sh` needs `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`.
+
+Confirmed working (and playable) on a real Windows machine.
 
 A Gitea Actions workflow (`.gitea/workflows/build.yml`) builds this
 package on every push, using the build-image as its container (so no
@@ -133,6 +178,18 @@ resulting tarball to dl.ladkau.de.
 
 ## 5. Android / Quest build
 
+**Prerequisites:**
+
+- **Docker** - same build-image as the desktop build (see "4. Desktop
+  build" above), plus network access at build time for Gradle/AGP's own
+  dependency resolution (the one target that isn't fully offline).
+- **SideQuest or `adb`** (Android Platform Tools) - to sideload the built
+  APK onto the headset, and to enable/verify USB debugging; see "5.1.
+  Installing and playing" below.
+- Building/debugging natively in Android Studio instead of via `make
+  apk` needs its own separate toolchain - see "5.2. Building natively in
+  Android Studio" below.
+
 `make apk` builds `dist/questshock-<version>-android-arm64.apk` - an
 immersive OpenXR app (see `android/app/src/main/cpp/xr_session.c`) that
 can be sideloaded onto any Android-based VR headset with OpenXR support
@@ -184,10 +241,15 @@ set only on the keyboard's layer - the menu launcher stays fully opaque)
 so whatever's behind it - the game quad, mid-play - stays visible while
 it's up.
 
-The laser
+While the menu launcher or keyboard is open, each hand also gets a thin,
-pointer/cursor is currently only visible while
+colored laser-beam quad (cyan left, amber right) from the controller to
-actually aiming at the game or menu quad respectively - there's no visual
+wherever its ray currently crosses that panel's plane - a second,
-feedback yet while aiming at empty space between them. (Only tested on
+billboarded `XrCompositionLayerQuad` per hand (`xr_input_build_beam()` in
+`xr_input.c`), oriented so it reads as a line from the viewer's eye
+regardless of angle, since the flat cross-shaped reticle used while
+aiming at the game quad is drawn directly into the game quad's own
+texture and can't represent a ray traversing real 3D space. Aiming at the
+game quad itself still uses that flat reticle, unchanged. (Only tested on
 Meta Quest so far -
 the steps below use Quest-specific tool names where relevant, but the
 same `adb install` flow applies to any Android headset with USB

android/app/build.gradle

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ android {
                     "-DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY=BOTH", \
                     "-DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE=BOTH", \
                     "-DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS=-Wl,-z,max-page-size=16384", \
-                    "-DANDROID_EXTRA_SOURCES=${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/questshock_native.c;${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/xr_session.c;${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/xr_input.c;${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/xr_overlay.c;${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/xr_swapchain.c"
+                    "-DANDROID_EXTRA_SOURCES=${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/questshock_native.c;${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/xr_session.c;${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/xr_input.c;${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/xr_overlay.c;${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/xr_swapchain.c;${projectDir}/src/main/cpp/xr_mouse.c"
                 abiFilters 'arm64-v8a'
             }
         }

android/app/src/main/cpp/xr_input.c

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
 
 #include <GLES3/gl3.h>
 
+#include "xr_mouse.h"
 #include "xr_overlay.h"
 #include "xr_session.h"
+#include "xr_swapchain.h"
 
 #define TAG "QuestShock"
 #define LOGE(...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, TAG, __VA_ARGS__)
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ static XrSpace g_aim_space[2] = {XR_NULL_HANDLE, XR_NULL_HANDLE};
 static bool g_prev_select[2] = {false, false};
 static bool g_prev_menu = false;
 static bool g_game_prev_hit[2] = {false, false};
+static bool g_game_touch_active[2] = {false, false};
 static bool g_menu_prev_hit[2] = {false, false};
 static bool g_menu_touch_active[2] = {false, false};
 static bool g_keyboard_prev_hit[2] = {false, false};
@@ -69,8 +72,28 @@ static int g_keyboard_drag_hand = -1;
 static float g_keyboard_drag_offset_x = 0.0f;
 static float g_keyboard_drag_offset_y = 0.0f;
 
-static GLuint g_reticle_program = 0;
+// A "view" reference space, located once per frame (not per hand) to get
-static GLint g_reticle_color_loc = -1;
+// an approximate head position for the laser-beam billboard math below -
+// the only consumer of a head pose in this file. Both LOCAL (g_local_space,
+// owned by xr_session.c) and VIEW reference spaces are mandated by core
+// OpenXR, so no capability check is needed to create this.
+static XrSpace g_view_space = XR_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+// Per-hand laser-beam state: a thin, billboarded quad spanning from the
+// controller to wherever that hand's ray currently crosses the plane of
+// whichever target (keyboard, menu, or the game quad) claimed it this
+// frame - see xr_input_build_beam()/xr_input_get_beam_layer(). Each hand
+// gets its own tiny solid-color swapchain (no shared tint on XrCompositionLayerQuad,
+// so two separately-colored textures is simplest). g_beam_quad_valid is
+// reset to false at the top of every xr_input_sync_and_draw() call and
+// only set back to true if that hand actually claims a beam this frame.
+#define BEAM_TEX_SIZE 2
+#define BEAM_THICKNESS_METERS 0.004f
+#define MAX_BEAM_LENGTH_METERS 2.0f
+
+static XrSwapchainState g_beam_swapchain[2];
+static XrCompositionLayerQuad g_beam_quad[2];
+static bool g_beam_quad_valid[2] = {false, false};
 
 static bool xr_check(XrResult result, const char *what) {
     if (XR_SUCCEEDED(result))
@@ -95,64 +118,71 @@ static void quat_rotate_vec(const XrQuaternionf *q, float vx, float vy, float vz
     *outz = vz + 2.0f * (q->x * cy - q->y * cx);
 }
 
-static GLuint compile_shader(GLenum type, const char *src) {
+static void vec3_sub(const float a[3], const float b[3], float out[3]) {
-    GLuint shader = glCreateShader(type);
+    out[0] = a[0] - b[0];
-    glShaderSource(shader, 1, &src, NULL);
+    out[1] = a[1] - b[1];
-    glCompileShader(shader);
+    out[2] = a[2] - b[2];
-    GLint compiled = GL_FALSE;
-    glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &compiled);
-    if (!compiled) {
-        char log[512];
-        glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, sizeof(log), NULL, log);
-        LOGE("XR: reticle shader compile failed: %s", log);
-    }
-    return shader;
 }
 
-// A standalone flat-color shader, independent of the engine's own
+static float vec3_dot(const float a[3], const float b[3]) {
-// textureShaderProgram (OpenGL.cc is a separate, C++-only translation
+    return a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2];
-// unit, and shader state isn't shared across programs anyway) - position
+}
-// is emitted directly in clip space, matching the same [-1,1] local quad
-// coordinates android_draw_surface_as_quad() (see android/engine-patches/
-// 11-android-openxr-present.patch) already uses for its own vertex
-// positions, so no view/projection matrix is needed here either.
-static const char *kVertexSrc = "attribute vec3 position;\n"
-                                 "void main() { gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); }\n";
-static const char *kFragmentSrc = "precision mediump float;\n"
-                                   "uniform vec4 color;\n"
-                                   "void main() { gl_FragColor = color; }\n";
 
-// Attribute 0 to match kVertexSrc's single "position" attribute - fine to
+static void vec3_cross(const float a[3], const float b[3], float out[3]) {
-// reuse the same numeric index the engine's own immediate-mode drawing
+    out[0] = a[1] * b[2] - a[2] * b[1];
-// treats specially, since that's a per-program binding and this program is
+    out[1] = a[2] * b[0] - a[0] * b[2];
-// never current at the same time as gl4es's immediate-mode emulation runs;
+    out[2] = a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0];
-// xr_input_sync_and_draw() disables the array again right after drawing,
+}
-// the same discipline android_draw_surface_as_quad() already established.
-#define RETICLE_POSITION_LOC 0
 
-static bool xr_input_init_reticle_program(void) {
+// Returns false (out left untouched) if v is too close to zero-length to
-    GLuint vs = compile_shader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, kVertexSrc);
+// normalize safely - callers use this to detect a degenerate billboard
-    GLuint fs = compile_shader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, kFragmentSrc);
+// axis and fall back to another reference vector.
-    g_reticle_program = glCreateProgram();
+static bool vec3_normalize(const float v[3], float out[3]) {
-    glAttachShader(g_reticle_program, vs);
+    float len = sqrtf(vec3_dot(v, v));
-    glAttachShader(g_reticle_program, fs);
+    if (len < 1e-6f)
-    glBindAttribLocation(g_reticle_program, RETICLE_POSITION_LOC, "position");
-    glLinkProgram(g_reticle_program);
-    GLint linked = GL_FALSE;
-    glGetProgramiv(g_reticle_program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linked);
-    glDeleteShader(vs);
-    glDeleteShader(fs);
-    if (!linked) {
-        char log[512];
-        glGetProgramInfoLog(g_reticle_program, sizeof(log), NULL, log);
-        LOGE("XR: reticle program link failed: %s", log);
         return false;
-    }
+    out[0] = v[0] / len;
-    g_reticle_color_loc = glGetUniformLocation(g_reticle_program, "color");
+    out[1] = v[1] / len;
+    out[2] = v[2] / len;
     return true;
 }
 
-bool xr_input_init(XrInstance instance, XrSession session) {
+// Converts an orthonormal local->world rotation matrix (given as its
+// columns - x/y/z, each the world-space direction of that local axis) to
+// an XrQuaternionf, via the standard trace-based (Shepperd) method.
+static void mat3_to_quat(const float x[3], const float y[3], const float z[3], XrQuaternionf *q) {
+    float m00 = x[0], m10 = x[1], m20 = x[2];
+    float m01 = y[0], m11 = y[1], m21 = y[2];
+    float m02 = z[0], m12 = z[1], m22 = z[2];
+    float trace = m00 + m11 + m22;
+    if (trace > 0.0f) {
+        float s = sqrtf(trace + 1.0f) * 2.0f;
+        q->w = 0.25f * s;
+        q->x = (m21 - m12) / s;
+        q->y = (m02 - m20) / s;
+        q->z = (m10 - m01) / s;
+    } else if (m00 > m11 && m00 > m22) {
+        float s = sqrtf(1.0f + m00 - m11 - m22) * 2.0f;
+        q->w = (m21 - m12) / s;
+        q->x = 0.25f * s;
+        q->y = (m01 + m10) / s;
+        q->z = (m02 + m20) / s;
+    } else if (m11 > m22) {
+        float s = sqrtf(1.0f + m11 - m00 - m22) * 2.0f;
+        q->w = (m02 - m20) / s;
+        q->x = (m01 + m10) / s;
+        q->y = 0.25f * s;
+        q->z = (m12 + m21) / s;
+    } else {
+        float s = sqrtf(1.0f + m22 - m00 - m11) * 2.0f;
+        q->w = (m10 - m01) / s;
+        q->x = (m02 + m20) / s;
+        q->y = (m12 + m21) / s;
+        q->z = 0.25f * s;
+    }
+}
+
+bool xr_input_init(XrInstance instance, XrSession session, int64_t swapchain_format) {
     g_instance = instance;
     g_session = session;
 
@@ -246,9 +276,21 @@ bool xr_input_init(XrInstance instance, XrSession session) {
     if (!xr_check(xrAttachSessionActionSets(session, &attachInfo), "xrAttachSessionActionSets"))
         return false;
 
-    if (!xr_input_init_reticle_program())
+    XrReferenceSpaceCreateInfo viewSpaceInfo = {XR_TYPE_REFERENCE_SPACE_CREATE_INFO};
+    viewSpaceInfo.referenceSpaceType = XR_REFERENCE_SPACE_TYPE_VIEW;
+    viewSpaceInfo.poseInReferenceSpace.orientation.w = 1.0f;
+    if (!xr_check(xrCreateReferenceSpace(session, &viewSpaceInfo, &g_view_space),
+                  "xrCreateReferenceSpace(view)"))
         return false;
 
+    for (int hand = 0; hand < 2; hand++) {
+        if (!xr_swapchain_create(instance, session, swapchain_format, BEAM_TEX_SIZE, BEAM_TEX_SIZE,
+                                  &g_beam_swapchain[hand])) {
+            LOGE("XR: beam swapchain setup failed for hand %d", hand);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     LOGI("XR: input action set ready (aim pose + trigger + menu-toggle)");
     return true;
 }
@@ -258,18 +300,31 @@ bool xr_input_init(XrInstance instance, XrSession session) {
 // below. dragCapable enables the keyboard-only title-bar/drag-handle
 // handling (see TITLE_BAR_V_FRACTION/CLOSE_BUTTON_U_FRACTION); the menu
 // launcher has no title bar, so it's always false there and every hit is a
-// plain click. Returns true if this overlay is visible - claiming the
+// plain click. Returns true only when this hand's ray is actually
-// hand's ray processing for this frame, regardless of whether the ray
+// relevant to this overlay this frame - landing on it now, or continuing
-// actually hits it - so the caller should stop trying other targets (menu/
+// a touch/drag begun on a previous frame for this hand that hasn't been
-// keyboard/game quad are mutually exclusive per hand, per frame).
+// released yet - not merely because the overlay is visible. The caller
+// should only stop trying other targets (menu/keyboard/game quad) when
+// this returns true; a visible-but-unclaimed overlay falls through so a
+// lower-priority target (ultimately the game quad) can still be aimed at.
 static bool xr_input_try_overlay(XrOverlay *overlay, bool dragCapable, int hand,
                                   const XrSpaceLocation *location, float fx, float fy, float fz,
                                   bool selectDownEdge, bool selectUpEdge, bool *touchActive,
                                   bool *prevHit, const char *quadName, float *outCursorU,
-                                  float *outCursorV, bool *outCursorHit) {
+                                  float *outCursorV, bool *outCursorHit, bool *outPlaneHit,
+                                  float *outPlaneDistance) {
+    *outPlaneHit = false;
     if (!xr_overlay_is_visible(overlay))
         return false;
 
+    // Captured before this call's own down/up-edge handling below can
+    // mutate them, so a hand with a pending down-touch (waiting for its
+    // matching up) or an in-progress drag on *this* overlay still claims
+    // the ray this frame even if it has strayed off the panel's current
+    // bounds - see `claims` below.
+    bool hadTouch = *touchActive;
+    bool hadDrag = dragCapable && g_keyboard_dragging && g_keyboard_drag_hand == hand;
+
     float quadCenterX, quadCenterY, distance, halfWidth, halfHeight;
     xr_overlay_get_quad_extent(overlay, &quadCenterX, &quadCenterY, &distance, &halfWidth,
                                 &halfHeight);
@@ -283,9 +338,9 @@ static bool xr_input_try_overlay(XrOverlay *overlay, bool dragCapable, int hand,
     // view's pixel grid and the on-quad hit logs use) are only meaningful
     // within the quad's current bounds, unlike planeHit.
     bool planeHit = false, hit = false;
-    float u = 0.0f, v = 0.0f, worldX = 0.0f, worldY = 0.0f;
+    float u = 0.0f, v = 0.0f, worldX = 0.0f, worldY = 0.0f, t = 0.0f;
     if (fabsf(fz) > 1e-5f) {
-        float t = (-distance - location->pose.position.z) / fz;
+        t = (-distance - location->pose.position.z) / fz;
         if (t > 0.0f) {
             planeHit = true;
             worldX = location->pose.position.x + t * fx;
@@ -297,6 +352,8 @@ static bool xr_input_try_overlay(XrOverlay *overlay, bool dragCapable, int hand,
             v = (1.0f - cy) * 0.5f;
         }
     }
+    *outPlaneHit = planeHit;
+    *outPlaneDistance = t;
 
     if (hit != *prevHit) {
         LOGI("XR: %s aim ray %s %s quad (u=%.2f v=%.2f)", kHandName[hand],
@@ -309,6 +366,12 @@ static bool xr_input_try_overlay(XrOverlay *overlay, bool dragCapable, int hand,
         *outCursorV = v;
     }
 
+    // Only claim (and thus route/beam) this hand's ray to this overlay
+    // when it's actually relevant this frame: landing on it now, or
+    // continuing a touch/drag that started on it - never merely because
+    // it's visible.
+    bool claims = hit || hadTouch || hadDrag;
+
     if (!dragCapable) {
         if (selectDownEdge && hit) {
             xr_overlay_touch(overlay, u, v, true);
@@ -317,7 +380,7 @@ static bool xr_input_try_overlay(XrOverlay *overlay, bool dragCapable, int hand,
             xr_overlay_touch(overlay, u, v, false);
             *touchActive = false;
         }
-        return true;
+        return claims;
     }
 
     bool onTitleBar = hit && v < TITLE_BAR_V_FRACTION;
@@ -350,7 +413,157 @@ static bool xr_input_try_overlay(XrOverlay *overlay, bool dragCapable, int hand,
         xr_overlay_set_position(overlay, worldX - g_keyboard_drag_offset_x,
                                  worldY - g_keyboard_drag_offset_y);
     }
-    return true;
+    return claims;
+}
+
+// Builds this hand's laser-beam quad - a thin, billboarded ribbon from the
+// controller (location->pose.position) along the aim ray (fx,fy,fz,
+// already unit length) to length_m meters out, oriented so it reads as a
+// line from the viewer's eye (headLoc->pose.position) regardless of angle:
+// one in-plane axis follows the ray direction, the other is the thin
+// "width", and the quad's normal is billboarded toward the eye
+// (orthogonalized against the ray axis, so the ribbon only rotates around
+// its own long axis as the hand moves, never twists). Acquires/clears/
+// releases this hand's tiny beam swapchain and leaves g_beam_quad[hand]
+// ready for xr_input_get_beam_layer() - doesn't set space/eyeVisibility/
+// layerFlags (see that function's doc comment in xr_input.h).
+static void xr_input_build_beam(int hand, const XrSpaceLocation *location, float fx, float fy,
+                                 float fz, float length_m, const XrSpaceLocation *headLoc) {
+    float origin[3] = {location->pose.position.x, location->pose.position.y,
+                        location->pose.position.z};
+    float dirY[3] = {fx, fy, fz};
+    float endpoint[3] = {origin[0] + length_m * fx, origin[1] + length_m * fy,
+                          origin[2] + length_m * fz};
+    float center[3] = {(origin[0] + endpoint[0]) * 0.5f, (origin[1] + endpoint[1]) * 0.5f,
+                        (origin[2] + endpoint[2]) * 0.5f};
+    float head[3] = {headLoc->pose.position.x, headLoc->pose.position.y,
+                      headLoc->pose.position.z};
+
+    float toEyeRaw[3], toEye[3];
+    vec3_sub(head, center, toEyeRaw);
+    if (!vec3_normalize(toEyeRaw, toEye)) {
+        // Head is (almost) exactly at the beam's midpoint - astronomically
+        // unlikely, but fall back to a fixed direction rather than divide
+        // by ~0.
+        toEye[0] = 0.0f;
+        toEye[1] = 0.0f;
+        toEye[2] = 1.0f;
+    }
+
+    // Orthogonalize toEye against the ray axis to get the billboard
+    // normal - if the ray points almost straight at/away from the eye,
+    // that leaves ~nothing to normalize, so fall back to world-up then
+    // world-Z, each reprojected the same way.
+    float normalZ[3];
+    float d = vec3_dot(toEye, dirY);
+    float proj[3] = {toEye[0] - dirY[0] * d, toEye[1] - dirY[1] * d, toEye[2] - dirY[2] * d};
+    if (!vec3_normalize(proj, normalZ)) {
+        static const float kWorldUp[3] = {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f};
+        d = vec3_dot(kWorldUp, dirY);
+        proj[0] = kWorldUp[0] - dirY[0] * d;
+        proj[1] = kWorldUp[1] - dirY[1] * d;
+        proj[2] = kWorldUp[2] - dirY[2] * d;
+        if (!vec3_normalize(proj, normalZ)) {
+            static const float kWorldZ[3] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
+            d = vec3_dot(kWorldZ, dirY);
+            proj[0] = kWorldZ[0] - dirY[0] * d;
+            proj[1] = kWorldZ[1] - dirY[1] * d;
+            proj[2] = kWorldZ[2] - dirY[2] * d;
+            if (!vec3_normalize(proj, normalZ)) {
+                // dirY parallel to both world-up and world-Z is impossible
+                // for two non-parallel vectors - unreachable in practice,
+                // but keep the beam well-defined regardless.
+                normalZ[0] = 1.0f;
+                normalZ[1] = 0.0f;
+                normalZ[2] = 0.0f;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    float axisX[3];
+    vec3_cross(dirY, normalZ, axisX);
+    if (!vec3_normalize(axisX, axisX)) {
+        axisX[0] = 1.0f;
+        axisX[1] = 0.0f;
+        axisX[2] = 0.0f;
+    }
+    float axisZ[3];
+    vec3_cross(axisX, dirY, axisZ); // already unit length - axisX/dirY are orthonormal
+
+    XrQuaternionf orientation;
+    mat3_to_quat(axisX, dirY, axisZ, &orientation);
+
+    if (xr_swapchain_acquire(g_instance, &g_beam_swapchain[hand])) {
+        // Premultiplied alpha (matches OverlayPanel.compositeAndPublish()'s
+        // convention, and XR_COMPOSITION_LAYER_BLEND_TEXTURE_SOURCE_ALPHA_BIT's
+        // assumption - see xr_session.c) - kHandColor's RGB scaled by this
+        // beam's own alpha, not the opaque RGB itself.
+        const float alpha = 0.55f;
+        const float *c = kHandColor[hand];
+        glClearColor(c[0] * alpha, c[1] * alpha, c[2] * alpha, alpha);
+        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+        xr_swapchain_release(g_instance, &g_beam_swapchain[hand]);
+    }
+
+    XrCompositionLayerQuad *quad = &g_beam_quad[hand];
+    quad->type = XR_TYPE_COMPOSITION_LAYER_QUAD;
+    quad->next = NULL;
+    quad->subImage.swapchain = g_beam_swapchain[hand].swapchain;
+    quad->subImage.imageRect.offset.x = 0;
+    quad->subImage.imageRect.offset.y = 0;
+    quad->subImage.imageRect.extent.width = BEAM_TEX_SIZE;
+    quad->subImage.imageRect.extent.height = BEAM_TEX_SIZE;
+    quad->subImage.imageArrayIndex = 0;
+    quad->pose.position.x = center[0];
+    quad->pose.position.y = center[1];
+    quad->pose.position.z = center[2];
+    quad->pose.orientation = orientation;
+    quad->size.width = BEAM_THICKNESS_METERS;
+    quad->size.height = length_m;
+
+    g_beam_quad_valid[hand] = true;
+}
+
+// Hit-tests this hand's ray against the game quad (xr_get_game_quad_extent())
+// - the lowest-priority target, tried only once neither the keyboard nor
+// menu overlay claimed the ray this frame (or, symmetrically, once this
+// hand already has a pending mouse-down on the game quad - see
+// g_game_touch_active and the keyboard/menu call sites in
+// xr_input_sync_and_draw()). outU/outV (only meaningful when the
+// returned hit is true) let the caller drive the game's own mouse cursor
+// via xr_mouse.h. Returns plain `hit` - drag/touch dispatch for actual
+// clicks is the caller's responsibility (xr_mouse_click()), not this
+// function's, unlike xr_input_try_overlay().
+static bool xr_input_try_game_quad(int hand, const XrSpaceLocation *location, float fx, float fy,
+                                    float fz, bool *outPlaneHit, float *outPlaneDistance,
+                                    float *outU, float *outV) {
+    float distance, halfWidth, halfHeight;
+    xr_get_game_quad_extent(&distance, &halfWidth, &halfHeight);
+
+    bool planeHit = false, hit = false;
+    float u = 0.0f, v = 0.0f, t = 0.0f;
+    if (fabsf(fz) > 1e-5f) {
+        t = (-distance - location->pose.position.z) / fz;
+        if (t > 0.0f) {
+            planeHit = true;
+            float cx = (location->pose.position.x + t * fx) / halfWidth;
+            float cy = (location->pose.position.y + t * fy) / halfHeight;
+            hit = fabsf(cx) <= 1.0f && fabsf(cy) <= 1.0f;
+            u = (cx + 1.0f) * 0.5f;
+            v = (1.0f - cy) * 0.5f;
+        }
+    }
+    *outPlaneHit = planeHit;
+    *outPlaneDistance = t;
+    *outU = u;
+    *outV = v;
+
+    if (hit != g_game_prev_hit[hand]) {
+        LOGI("XR: %s aim ray %s game quad (u=%.2f v=%.2f)", kHandName[hand],
+             hit ? "entered" : "left", u, v);
+        g_game_prev_hit[hand] = hit;
+    }
+    return hit;
 }
 
 void xr_input_sync_and_draw(XrSpace baseSpace, XrTime time, bool draw) {
@@ -375,16 +588,26 @@ void xr_input_sync_and_draw(XrSpace baseSpace, XrTime time, bool draw) {
         g_keyboard_drag_hand = -1;
     }
 
-    // The GL reticle is drawn directly into whatever framebuffer is
+    // A hand only ever gets a laser-beam quad this frame if it actually
-    // currently bound - the game quad's swapchain image (see xr_frame_end(),
+    // claims the keyboard or menu overlay's ray below (see the
-    // which calls this while that image is still bound). That only makes
+    // xr_input_build_beam() calls) - reset here so a hand that doesn't
-    // sense while aiming at the game quad; the menu/keyboard overlays' own
+    // claim one this frame doesn't keep showing last frame's beam.
-    // cursors are drawn by their Java views instead (see
+    g_beam_quad_valid[LEFT] = g_beam_quad_valid[RIGHT] = false;
-    // xr_overlay_update_cursor() below), composited into their Bitmaps the
+
-    // same way their other content is.
+    // The billboard math needs an approximate head position - only bother
-    bool drawReticle = draw && !menuVisible && !keyboardVisible;
+    // locating it on frames where a beam could possibly be drawn at all
-    if (drawReticle)
+    // (i.e. any drawn frame - the game quad can claim a beam on its own
-        glUseProgram(g_reticle_program);
+    // even with both overlays closed).
+    bool needBeams = draw;
+    XrSpaceLocation headLoc = {XR_TYPE_SPACE_LOCATION};
+    bool haveHead = false;
+    if (needBeams) {
+        const XrSpaceLocationFlags neededHead =
+            XR_SPACE_LOCATION_POSITION_VALID_BIT | XR_SPACE_LOCATION_ORIENTATION_VALID_BIT;
+        haveHead = xr_check(xrLocateSpace(g_view_space, baseSpace, time, &headLoc),
+                             "xrLocateSpace(view)") &&
+                   (headLoc.locationFlags & neededHead) == neededHead;
+    }
 
     // Fed to xr_overlay_update_cursor() after the loop below - whichever
     // hand's ray hits a given overlay last wins if both do, good enough
@@ -452,53 +675,81 @@ void xr_input_sync_and_draw(XrSpace baseSpace, XrTime time, bool draw) {
         quat_rotate_vec(&location.pose.orientation, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, &fx, &fy, &fz);
 
         // Keyboard first (it's the more likely target while it's up), then
-        // the menu launcher, then - only if neither is visible - the game
+        // the menu launcher, then - only once neither actually claims the
-        // quad's own reticle below. A single ray only ever interacts with
+        // ray this frame (not merely "isn't visible" - see
-        // one target per hand per frame.
+        // xr_input_try_overlay()'s doc comment) - the game quad itself.
-        if (xr_input_try_overlay(keyboardOverlay, true, hand, &location, fx, fy, fz,
+        // Whichever target claims the ray gets a laser-beam quad built for
+        // it (if a head pose is available and the ray actually crosses
+        // that target's plane) - see xr_input_build_beam(). Keyboard/menu
+        // are additionally gated on !g_game_touch_active[hand]: a pending
+        // mouse-down on the game quad (trigger still held since a
+        // down-edge dispatched there) must keep claiming the ray even if
+        // it strays onto another panel before release, the cross-target
+        // analogue of xr_input_try_overlay()'s own hadTouch/hadDrag - the
+        // eventual mouse-up has to reach the game quad, not whatever the
+        // ray happens to be over on the release frame.
+        bool keyboardPlaneHit = false;
+        float keyboardPlaneDistance = 0.0f;
+        if (!g_game_touch_active[hand] &&
+            xr_input_try_overlay(keyboardOverlay, true, hand, &location, fx, fy, fz,
                                   selectDownEdge, selectUpEdge, &g_keyboard_touch_active[hand],
                                   &g_keyboard_prev_hit[hand], "keyboard", &keyboardCursorU,
-                                  &keyboardCursorV, &keyboardCursorHit))
+                                  &keyboardCursorV, &keyboardCursorHit, &keyboardPlaneHit,
+                                  &keyboardPlaneDistance)) {
+            if (haveHead && keyboardPlaneHit)
+                xr_input_build_beam(hand, &location, fx, fy, fz,
+                                     fminf(keyboardPlaneDistance, MAX_BEAM_LENGTH_METERS), &headLoc);
             continue;
-        if (xr_input_try_overlay(menuOverlay, false, hand, &location, fx, fy, fz, selectDownEdge,
+        }
+        bool menuPlaneHit = false;
+        float menuPlaneDistance = 0.0f;
+        if (!g_game_touch_active[hand] &&
+            xr_input_try_overlay(menuOverlay, false, hand, &location, fx, fy, fz, selectDownEdge,
                                   selectUpEdge, &g_menu_touch_active[hand], &g_menu_prev_hit[hand],
-                                  "menu", &menuCursorU, &menuCursorV, &menuCursorHit))
+                                  "menu", &menuCursorU, &menuCursorV, &menuCursorHit, &menuPlaneHit,
+                                  &menuPlaneDistance)) {
+            if (haveHead && menuPlaneHit)
+                xr_input_build_beam(hand, &location, fx, fy, fz,
+                                     fminf(menuPlaneDistance, MAX_BEAM_LENGTH_METERS), &headLoc);
             continue;
-
-        float distance, halfWidth, halfHeight;
-        xr_get_game_quad_extent(&distance, &halfWidth, &halfHeight);
-
-        bool hit = false;
-        float u = 0.0f, v = 0.0f, cx = 0.0f, cy = 0.0f;
-        if (fabsf(fz) > 1e-5f) {
-            float t = (-distance - location.pose.position.z) / fz;
-            if (t > 0.0f) {
-                cx = (location.pose.position.x + t * fx) / halfWidth;
-                cy = (location.pose.position.y + t * fy) / halfHeight;
-                hit = fabsf(cx) <= 1.0f && fabsf(cy) <= 1.0f;
-                u = (cx + 1.0f) * 0.5f;
-                v = (1.0f - cy) * 0.5f;
-            }
         }
 
-        if (hit != g_game_prev_hit[hand]) {
+        // Lowest priority (for a fresh hit): the game quad itself - drives
-            LOGI("XR: %s aim ray %s game quad (u=%.2f v=%.2f)", kHandName[hand],
+        // the engine's own mouse cursor/clicks via xr_mouse.h, exactly
-                 hit ? "entered" : "left", u, v);
+        // like a desktop mouse (absolute position + left button), plus the
-            g_game_prev_hit[hand] = hit;
+        // same laser-beam visual the other two targets get.
+        bool gamePlaneHit = false;
+        float gamePlaneDistance = 0.0f, gameU = 0.0f, gameV = 0.0f;
+        bool gameHit = xr_input_try_game_quad(hand, &location, fx, fy, fz, &gamePlaneHit,
+                                               &gamePlaneDistance, &gameU, &gameV);
+        if (gameHit) {
+            int gameWidth, gameHeight;
+            xr_get_game_resolution(&gameWidth, &gameHeight);
+            int px = (int)(gameU * (float)gameWidth);
+            int py = (int)(gameV * (float)gameHeight);
+            if (px < 0)
+                px = 0;
+            else if (px >= gameWidth)
+                px = gameWidth - 1;
+            if (py < 0)
+                py = 0;
+            else if (py >= gameHeight)
+                py = gameHeight - 1;
+            xr_mouse_move(px, py);
         }
-
+        if (selectDownEdge && gameHit) {
-        if (!hit || !drawReticle)
+            xr_mouse_click(true);
-            continue;
+            g_game_touch_active[hand] = true;
-
+        } else if (selectUpEdge && g_game_touch_active[hand]) {
-        const float kSize = 0.03f;
+            xr_mouse_click(false);
-        const float verts[] = {
+            g_game_touch_active[hand] = false;
-            cx - kSize, cy, 0.0f, cx + kSize, cy, 0.0f, cx, cy - kSize, 0.0f, cx, cy + kSize, 0.0f,
+        }
-        };
+        // gameHit implies gamePlaneHit (both only ever set together above),
-        glUniform4fv(g_reticle_color_loc, 1, kHandColor[hand]);
+        // kept as a separate out-param for symmetry with
-        glEnableVertexAttribArray(RETICLE_POSITION_LOC);
+        // xr_input_try_overlay()'s outPlaneHit/outPlaneDistance pair.
-        glVertexAttribPointer(RETICLE_POSITION_LOC, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, verts);
+        if (haveHead && gameHit)
-        glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 4);
+            xr_input_build_beam(hand, &location, fx, fy, fz,
-        glDisableVertexAttribArray(RETICLE_POSITION_LOC);
+                                 fminf(gamePlaneDistance, MAX_BEAM_LENGTH_METERS), &headLoc);
     }
 
     if (menuVisible)
@@ -508,12 +759,23 @@ void xr_input_sync_and_draw(XrSpace baseSpace, XrTime time, bool draw) {
                                   keyboardCursorHit);
 }
 
+bool xr_input_get_beam_layer(int hand, XrCompositionLayerQuad *out_quad) {
+    if (hand < 0 || hand > 1 || !g_beam_quad_valid[hand])
+        return false;
+    *out_quad = g_beam_quad[hand];
+    return true;
+}
+
 void xr_input_shutdown(void) {
     for (int hand = 0; hand < 2; hand++) {
         if (g_aim_space[hand] != XR_NULL_HANDLE)
             xrDestroySpace(g_aim_space[hand]);
         g_aim_space[hand] = XR_NULL_HANDLE;
+        xr_swapchain_destroy(&g_beam_swapchain[hand]);
     }
+    if (g_view_space != XR_NULL_HANDLE)
+        xrDestroySpace(g_view_space);
+    g_view_space = XR_NULL_HANDLE;
     if (g_action_set != XR_NULL_HANDLE)
         xrDestroyActionSet(g_action_set);
     g_action_set = XR_NULL_HANDLE;
@@ -521,18 +783,16 @@ void xr_input_shutdown(void) {
     g_select_click_action = XR_NULL_HANDLE;
     g_menu_toggle_action = XR_NULL_HANDLE;
 
-    if (g_reticle_program != 0)
-        glDeleteProgram(g_reticle_program);
-    g_reticle_program = 0;
-
     g_instance = XR_NULL_HANDLE;
     g_session = XR_NULL_HANDLE;
     memset(g_prev_select, 0, sizeof(g_prev_select));
     memset(g_game_prev_hit, 0, sizeof(g_game_prev_hit));
+    memset(g_game_touch_active, 0, sizeof(g_game_touch_active));
     memset(g_menu_prev_hit, 0, sizeof(g_menu_prev_hit));
     memset(g_menu_touch_active, 0, sizeof(g_menu_touch_active));
     memset(g_keyboard_prev_hit, 0, sizeof(g_keyboard_prev_hit));
     memset(g_keyboard_touch_active, 0, sizeof(g_keyboard_touch_active));
+    g_beam_quad_valid[LEFT] = g_beam_quad_valid[RIGHT] = false;
     g_prev_menu = false;
     g_keyboard_dragging = false;
     g_keyboard_drag_hand = -1;

android/app/src/main/cpp/xr_input.h

@@ -1,17 +1,30 @@
 // Controller input for questshock's immersive Quest build: one OpenXR
 // action set (aim pose + trigger click per hand, a menu-toggle button on
-// the left controller) plus ray/quad hit-testing. While neither the menu
+// the left controller) plus ray/quad hit-testing. Each hand's ray is
-// launcher nor keyboard overlay (see xr_overlay.h, xr_session.c) is
+// tried against the keyboard overlay, then the menu overlay (see
-// visible, this tests against the game quad xr_session.c submits and draws
+// xr_overlay.h, xr_session.c), then - only if neither actually claims it
-// a small reticle where each hand's aim ray crosses it; while either
+// this frame (landing on it now, or continuing a touch/drag begun on a
-// overlay is visible, it tests against that overlay's quad instead (the
+// previous frame - not merely because that overlay happens to be visible)
-// keyboard is tried first) and forwards trigger edges as synthetic touches
+// - the game quad xr_session.c submits, forwarding trigger edges to
-// (no reticle - each overlay's own content comes from its Java view's
+// whichever overlay claims the ray as synthetic touches. The game quad
-// rendered Bitmap).
+// itself acts as a plain desktop-style mouse pointer into the engine's
+// own UI (see xr_mouse.h) - absolute cursor position while the ray hits
+// it, plus a left click on the trigger edge; a pending click there
+// likewise keeps claiming the ray ahead of the keyboard/menu until
+// released, so the eventual mouse-up isn't lost if the ray strays. Since
+// none of the three targets' own feedback (the overlays' on-quad cursor,
+// drawn by their Java views; the engine's own mouse cursor sprite for the
+// game quad) gives any indication while the ray is short of actually
+// landing on something, every claimed target also builds a thin,
+// billboarded laser-beam quad per hand from the controller to wherever
+// the ray currently crosses that target's plane (see
+// xr_input_get_beam_layer()) - so aiming looks and behaves the same
+// whether the target is an overlay or the game quad itself.
 #ifndef QUESTSHOCK_XR_INPUT_H
 #define QUESTSHOCK_XR_INPUT_H
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 #define XR_USE_PLATFORM_ANDROID 1
 #define XR_USE_GRAPHICS_API_OPENGL_ES 1
@@ -24,22 +37,35 @@ extern "C" {
 // Call once, right after the session is created (see xr_session.c's
 // xr_create_instance_and_session()) - creates the action set/actions,
 // suggests Touch controller bindings, creates the per-hand aim action
-// spaces, and attaches the set to the session. Returns false (logged,
+// spaces and a view-space reference (for the laser-beam billboard math),
-// non-fatal - the caller keeps rendering without input) if any of that
+// creates the two per-hand beam swapchains (swapchain_format - the same
-// fails.
+// format shared by the game swapchain and both overlays), and attaches
-bool xr_input_init(XrInstance instance, XrSession session);
+// the action set to the session. Returns false (logged, non-fatal - the
+// caller keeps rendering without input) if any of that fails.
+bool xr_input_init(XrInstance instance, XrSession session, int64_t swapchain_format);
 
 // Call once per frame from xr_frame_end(), before releasing the acquired
 // swapchain image - syncs this frame's action states (always, so edge
 // detection stays correct even on frames with nothing to draw), handles
-// the menu_toggle button's edge, and either draws a game-quad reticle or
+// the menu_toggle button's edge, and hit-tests/dispatches each hand's ray
-// forwards menu-quad touches, per the menu's current visibility (see the
+// against keyboard/menu/game quad in that priority order (see the file
-// file comment above). draw gates only the reticle - if false (nothing to
+// comment above). draw gates only the laser-beam visuals (and the
-// draw into this frame, e.g. no swapchain image was acquired), hit-testing
+// head-pose locate that feeds them) - if false (nothing to draw into this
-// and touch-forwarding still run. baseSpace/time must match whatever
+// frame, e.g. no swapchain image was acquired), hit-testing and
+// touch-forwarding still run. baseSpace/time must match whatever
 // xr_frame_begin() used to predict this frame.
 void xr_input_sync_and_draw(XrSpace baseSpace, XrTime time, bool draw);
 
+// Call once per hand (hand: 0=left, 1=right) after xr_input_sync_and_draw()
+// in the same frame - if that hand's ray claimed the keyboard, menu, or
+// game quad this frame (see the file comment above), fills *out_quad's
+// subImage/pose/size for its laser-beam ribbon and returns true.
+// space/eyeVisibility/layerFlags are left for the caller to set, same
+// convention as xr_overlay_render_and_build_layer(). Returns false
+// (out_quad untouched) if no beam should be shown for that hand this
+// frame.
+bool xr_input_get_beam_layer(int hand, XrCompositionLayerQuad *out_quad);
+
 void xr_input_shutdown(void);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus

android/app/src/main/cpp/xr_mouse.c

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "xr_mouse.h"
+
+#include <SDL.h>
+
+#include "mouse.h" // engine/src/Libraries/INPUT/Source/mouse.h - mouse_put_xy()
+
+void xr_mouse_move(int x, int y) { mouse_put_xy((short)x, (short)y); }
+
+void xr_mouse_click(bool down) {
+    SDL_Event event;
+    SDL_zero(event);
+    event.type = down ? SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN : SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP;
+    event.button.timestamp = SDL_GetTicks();
+    event.button.windowID = 0;
+    event.button.which = 0;
+    event.button.button = SDL_BUTTON_LEFT;
+    event.button.state = down ? SDL_PRESSED : SDL_RELEASED;
+    event.button.clicks = 1;
+    SDL_PushEvent(&event);
+}

android/app/src/main/cpp/xr_mouse.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Bridges VR aim-ray hit-testing (xr_input.c) to the vendored engine's
+// mouse input (engine/src/Libraries/INPUT/Source/mouse.h) - lets the
+// controller's laser pointer drive the game's own UI (inventory, menus,
+// dialogs) exactly like a desktop mouse: absolute cursor position plus a
+// single left button, no relative/mouselook mode, no right button.
+#ifndef QUESTSHOCK_XR_MOUSE_H
+#define QUESTSHOCK_XR_MOUSE_H
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// Sets the engine's absolute mouse position (mouse_put_xy()) - call every
+// frame the aim ray is actually hitting the game quad; x/y are pixel
+// coordinates in the game's own logical resolution (see
+// xr_get_game_resolution() in xr_session.h), already clamped by the
+// caller. Do not call on frames the ray isn't hitting the game quad - the
+// cursor should hold its last position, not snap elsewhere.
+void xr_mouse_move(int x, int y);
+
+// Pushes a synthetic SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN/UP (SDL_BUTTON_LEFT) - matches
+// KeyboardOverlay's nativeSendPrintableChar() in questshock_native.c: a
+// plain SDL_Event built by hand and handed to the public SDL_PushEvent(),
+// no engine patch needed. pump_events() (sdl_events.c) reads whatever
+// mouse_put_xy() last set, not any x/y carried on the event itself - call
+// xr_mouse_move() first if position needs updating this frame.
+void xr_mouse_click(bool down);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif

android/app/src/main/cpp/xr_session.c

@@ -213,19 +213,16 @@ static bool xr_create_instance_and_session(int game_width, int game_height) {
                   "xrCreateReferenceSpace"))
         return false;
 
-    // Non-fatal if it fails (e.g. no controllers bound yet) - rendering
-    // keeps working either way, just without the laser pointer.
-    xr_input_init(g_instance, g_session);
-
     // Prefer a plain linear 8-bit format over GL_SRGB8_ALPHA8: the source
     // SDL surface pixels are already sRGB-encoded (as ordinary 8-bit image
     // data conventionally is) and get uploaded/sampled as plain linear
     // GL_RGBA with no decode step anywhere in this path, matching the
     // desktop SDL_RenderCopy path this replaces - an sRGB swapchain format
     // would auto-gamma-encode on write and double-encode already-encoded
-    // data. Every swapchain below (game quad, menu/keyboard overlays)
+    // data. Every swapchain below (game quad, menu/keyboard overlays, and
-    // shares this one choice - the compositor's supported format set
+    // - via xr_input_init() - the per-hand laser-beam overlays) shares
-    // doesn't depend on swapchain size.
+    // this one choice - the compositor's supported format set doesn't
+    // depend on swapchain size.
     uint32_t formatCount = 0;
     xrEnumerateSwapchainFormats(g_session, 0, &formatCount, NULL);
     int64_t *formats = (int64_t *)malloc(sizeof(int64_t) * formatCount);
@@ -240,6 +237,10 @@ static bool xr_create_instance_and_session(int game_width, int game_height) {
     }
     free(formats);
 
+    // Non-fatal if it fails (e.g. no controllers bound yet) - rendering
+    // keeps working either way, just without the laser pointer/beams.
+    xr_input_init(g_instance, g_session, chosenFormat);
+
     if (!xr_swapchain_create(g_instance, g_session, chosenFormat, game_width, game_height,
                               &g_game_swapchain)) {
         LOGE("XR: game swapchain setup failed");
@@ -349,14 +350,13 @@ void xr_frame_end(void) {
     if (g_session == XR_NULL_HANDLE)
         return;
 
-    // Draw the laser-pointer reticle into the still-bound game swapchain
+    // Syncs actions and hit-tests/dispatches each hand's ray against
-    // framebuffer before releasing it, so it composites on top of whatever
+    // keyboard/menu/game quad (see xr_input.c) before the game swapchain
-    // this frame's game content already drew there. Syncing actions
+    // image is released below - this always runs, even when there's
-    // happens even when there's nothing to draw (no acquired image this
+    // nothing to draw (no acquired image this frame), so edge detection
-    // frame), so edge detection (trigger/menu-button clicks) doesn't miss a
+    // (trigger/menu-button clicks) doesn't miss a frame. Any resulting
-    // frame. Only ever draws while neither overlay is visible (see
+    // laser-beam quads are submitted as their own composition layers
-    // xr_input.c) - the menu/keyboard render into their own independent
+    // further down, not drawn into the game swapchain itself.
-    // swapchain images below.
     if (xr_is_session_running())
         xr_input_sync_and_draw(g_local_space, g_predicted_display_time,
                                 g_have_acquired_game_image);
@@ -367,12 +367,14 @@ void xr_frame_end(void) {
     if (!xr_is_session_running())
         return;
 
-    // Up to 3 layers: the game quad (if a frame was actually rendered),
+    // Up to 5 layers: the game quad (if a frame was actually rendered),
-    // and, while visible, the menu launcher and keyboard overlays - each
+    // the menu launcher and keyboard overlays while visible - each gets
-    // gets its own acquire/render/release cycle against its own swapchain
+    // its own acquire/render/release cycle against its own swapchain (see
-    // (see xr_overlay_render_and_build_layer()) any time before xrEndFrame,
+    // xr_overlay_render_and_build_layer()) any time before xrEndFrame,
     // unlike the game quad there's no per-frame engine rendering to wrap
-    // around here, just each overlay's own blit.
+    // around here, just each overlay's own blit - and, per hand, a
+    // laser-beam quad while that hand's ray is aimed at the keyboard,
+    // menu, or the game quad itself (see xr_input_get_beam_layer()).
     XrCompositionLayerQuad gameQuad = {XR_TYPE_COMPOSITION_LAYER_QUAD};
     gameQuad.space = g_local_space;
     gameQuad.eyeVisibility = XR_EYE_VISIBILITY_BOTH;
@@ -385,7 +387,7 @@ void xr_frame_end(void) {
     gameQuad.size.height =
         QUAD_WIDTH_METERS * (float)g_game_swapchain.height / (float)g_game_swapchain.width;
 
-    const XrCompositionLayerBaseHeader *layers[3];
+    const XrCompositionLayerBaseHeader *layers[5];
     uint32_t layerCount = 0;
     if (g_have_acquired_game_image)
         layers[layerCount++] = (XrCompositionLayerBaseHeader *)&gameQuad;
@@ -413,6 +415,20 @@ void xr_frame_end(void) {
         layers[layerCount++] = (XrCompositionLayerBaseHeader *)&keyboardQuad;
     }
 
+    // Submitted last (frontmost) so a beam doesn't z-fight against the
+    // panel surface it's aimed at/terminates on - see
+    // xr_input_get_beam_layer(). Translucent for the same reason the
+    // keyboard is (see comment above).
+    XrCompositionLayerQuad beamQuad[2];
+    for (int hand = 0; hand < 2; hand++) {
+        if (xr_input_get_beam_layer(hand, &beamQuad[hand])) {
+            beamQuad[hand].space = g_local_space;
+            beamQuad[hand].eyeVisibility = XR_EYE_VISIBILITY_BOTH;
+            beamQuad[hand].layerFlags = XR_COMPOSITION_LAYER_BLEND_TEXTURE_SOURCE_ALPHA_BIT;
+            layers[layerCount++] = (XrCompositionLayerBaseHeader *)&beamQuad[hand];
+        }
+    }
+
     XrFrameEndInfo endInfo = {XR_TYPE_FRAME_END_INFO};
     endInfo.displayTime = g_predicted_display_time;
     endInfo.environmentBlendMode = XR_ENVIRONMENT_BLEND_MODE_OPAQUE;
@@ -453,3 +469,8 @@ void xr_get_game_quad_extent(float *distance_m, float *half_width_m, float *half
     *half_height_m =
         QUAD_WIDTH_METERS * 0.5f * (float)g_game_swapchain.height / (float)g_game_swapchain.width;
 }
+
+void xr_get_game_resolution(int *width, int *height) {
+    *width = g_game_swapchain.width;
+    *height = g_game_swapchain.height;
+}

android/app/src/main/cpp/xr_session.h

@@ -74,6 +74,13 @@ void xr_shutdown(void);
 // laser pointer always matches whatever's actually visible.
 void xr_get_game_quad_extent(float *distance_m, float *half_width_m, float *half_height_m);
 
+// Pixel resolution of the game quad's own swapchain - i.e. game_width/
+// game_height as passed to xr_init() (grd_cap->w/h, see Shock.c's
+// InitSDL()) - the logical coordinate space xr_input.c needs to convert a
+// game-quad ray hit's normalized u,v into engine mouse coordinates (see
+// xr_mouse.h).
+void xr_get_game_resolution(int *width, int *height);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

android/app/src/main/cpp/xr_swapchain.c

@@ -146,8 +146,7 @@ bool xr_swapchain_acquire(XrInstance instance, XrSwapchainState *state) {
     // gl4es's own (linked, not dlsym'd) bind - this targets an FBO id gl4es
     // itself created (see xr_swapchain_create()), so its own "current FBO"
     // bookkeeping updates correctly and its immediate-mode draw calls
-    // (android_draw_surface_as_quad(), the laser reticle) land in the right
+    // (android_draw_surface_as_quad()) land in the right place.
-    // place.
     glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, state->fbos[imageIndex]);
     glViewport(0, 0, state->width, state->height);
     return true;

build-image/Dockerfile

@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@ ARG FLUIDSYNTH_LITE_REF=c539a8d9270ba5a3f7d6e460606483fc2ab1eb61
 # Soundfont used for MIDI music, matching what engine/build_deps.sh itself
 # fetches (a free substitute for the Windows default GM soundfont).
 ARG SOUNDFONT_URL=http://rancid.kapsi.fi/windows.sf2
+# GLEW, for the Windows/MinGW cross-build only (engine/CMakeLists.txt's
+# WIN32 branch - Windows' own opengl32.dll only exposes OpenGL 1.1, so
+# anything newer needs GLEW's runtime extension loading; Linux instead
+# gets modern prototypes straight from Mesa's headers, no loader needed -
+# see engine/src/MacSrc/OpenGL.cc). Matches the version engine/'s own
+# upstream Windows build script (build_win64.sh) used.
+ARG GLEW_VERSION=2.1.0
 # Gitea/GitHub Actions' JS-based actions (actions/checkout,
 # actions/upload-artifact, ...) need a node binary in the container job's
 # PATH - this image is otherwise pure C toolchain, so it isn't pulled in
@@ -99,6 +106,15 @@ ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 # openssh-client: the CI workflow's `sftp` publish step.
 # openjdk-17-jdk-headless: Gradle/AGP's own minimum JDK for the APK build.
 # unzip: extracts the Android cmdline-tools zip below.
+# mingw-w64: the x86_64-w64-mingw32-{gcc,g++,windres,ar,...} cross
+# toolchain for the Windows desktop build (see the "Windows cross-compile"
+# section below). Ubuntu ships both a win32-thread-model and a
+# posix-thread-model variant behind update-alternatives; the default
+# (win32) is fine here since nothing in engine/ uses std::thread.
+# zip: `make package-win`'s Windows release archive - a CI job's own
+# `make package` runs inside this image as its container (see
+# .gitea/workflows/build.yml), so it needs to be baked in here, not just
+# available on a local dev machine's own host (see README).
 #
 # All apt installs deliberately live in this one RUN, first, so editing
 # anything below it (in particular the Android cross-compile steps, the
@@ -111,7 +127,7 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
         libgl1-mesa-dev libglx-dev libxext-dev libx11-dev libxrandr-dev \
         libxi-dev libxfixes-dev libxss-dev libxinerama-dev libxcursor-dev \
         libogg-dev libvorbis-dev libasound2-dev openssh-client \
-        openjdk-17-jdk-headless unzip \
+        openjdk-17-jdk-headless unzip mingw-w64 zip \
     && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
 
 WORKDIR /opt/prebuilt
@@ -150,10 +166,96 @@ RUN git clone https://github.com/EtherTyper/fluidsynth-lite.git \
     && rm -rf .git
 
 # General MIDI soundfont for fluidsynth playback - engine/build_deps.sh
-# fetches the same file and drops it into engine/res/.
+# fetches the same file and drops it into engine/res/. Shared by both the
+# Linux and Windows builds below.
 RUN mkdir -p soundfont \
     && curl -sSL -o soundfont/default.sf2 "${SOUNDFONT_URL}"
 
+# CMake toolchain file for the Windows/MinGW cross-build below, reused at
+# container-run time by build-image/build-engine-win.sh (see
+# MINGW_TOOLCHAIN_FILE) to cross-compile engine/ itself the same way. GCC's
+# runtime (libgcc/libstdc++) is linked statically so only the SDL2/
+# SDL2_mixer/GLEW/fluidsynth-lite DLLs (plus libwinpthread, which isn't
+# safe to static-link the same way) need shipping alongside systemshock.exe.
+ENV MINGW_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/opt/mingw-toolchain.cmake
+RUN printf '%s\n' \
+        'set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Windows)' \
+        'set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR x86_64)' \
+        'set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc)' \
+        'set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++)' \
+        'set(CMAKE_RC_COMPILER x86_64-w64-mingw32-windres)' \
+        'set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH /usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32)' \
+        '# LIBRARY/INCLUDE/PACKAGE deliberately left at CMake'"'"'s own' \
+        '# cross-compiling default (BOTH) - engine/CMakeLists.txt'"'"'s' \
+        '# BUNDLED SDL2/SDL2_mixer/FluidSynth find_library() calls point at' \
+        '# build_ext/ (outside this sysroot entirely), which ONLY would' \
+        '# refuse to search.' \
+        'set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)' \
+        'set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT "-static-libgcc -static-libstdc++")' \
+        > "${MINGW_TOOLCHAIN_FILE}"
+
+# SDL2 and SDL2_mixer for Windows: unlike the desktop build above, these
+# are libsdl.org's own official prebuilt MinGW devel packages (headers +
+# import libs + DLLs for x86_64-w64-mingw32), not built from source here -
+# SDL2's autotools setup targets *nix; upstream ships MinGW builds
+# pre-made instead, same as engine/'s own upstream Windows build script
+# (build_win64.sh) uses. Same version pins as the Linux build above, so
+# both desktop builds ship the same SDL2/SDL2_mixer release.
+RUN curl -sSLO "https://www.libsdl.org/release/SDL2-devel-${SDL2_VERSION}-mingw.tar.gz" \
+    && tar xf "SDL2-devel-${SDL2_VERSION}-mingw.tar.gz" \
+    && mkdir -p /opt/prebuilt/win \
+    && mv "SDL2-${SDL2_VERSION}/x86_64-w64-mingw32" /opt/prebuilt/win/sdl2 \
+    && rm -rf "SDL2-${SDL2_VERSION}" "SDL2-devel-${SDL2_VERSION}-mingw.tar.gz"
+
+RUN curl -sSLO "https://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/release/SDL2_mixer-devel-${SDL2_MIXER_VERSION}-mingw.tar.gz" \
+    && tar xf "SDL2_mixer-devel-${SDL2_MIXER_VERSION}-mingw.tar.gz" --exclude=Xcode \
+    && mv "SDL2_mixer-${SDL2_MIXER_VERSION}/x86_64-w64-mingw32" /opt/prebuilt/win/sdl2_mixer \
+    && rm -rf "SDL2_mixer-${SDL2_MIXER_VERSION}" "SDL2_mixer-devel-${SDL2_MIXER_VERSION}-mingw.tar.gz"
+
+# GLEW for Windows: compiled directly instead of via GLEW's own bundled
+# cross-compile Makefile configs (config/Makefile.linux-mingw64 et al) -
+# those pass raw `-soname`/`--out-implib` straight to whatever $(LD) is
+# set to, which only works if LD is the real `ld` binary, not gcc-as-
+# linker-driver (and that config also hardcodes a 32-bit `i686-w64-
+# mingw32` host despite the "64" in its name) - simpler and more robust
+# to just compile+link GLEW's one source file ourselves. Produces
+# glew32.dll (to ship alongside systemshock.exe) and libglew32.dll.a (the
+# MinGW import library engine/CMakeLists.txt's WIN32 branch links
+# against).
+RUN curl -sSL -o "glew-${GLEW_VERSION}.tgz" \
+        "https://sourceforge.net/projects/glew/files/glew/${GLEW_VERSION}/glew-${GLEW_VERSION}.tgz/download" \
+    && tar xf "glew-${GLEW_VERSION}.tgz" \
+    && cd "glew-${GLEW_VERSION}" \
+    && mkdir -p /opt/prebuilt/win/glew/include/GL /opt/prebuilt/win/glew/lib \
+    && x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -DGLEW_NO_GLU -O2 -Iinclude -c src/glew.c -o glew.o \
+    && x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -shared \
+        -Wl,--out-implib,/opt/prebuilt/win/glew/lib/libglew32.dll.a \
+        -o /opt/prebuilt/win/glew/lib/glew32.dll \
+        glew.o -lopengl32 -lgdi32 -luser32 -lkernel32 \
+    && cp include/GL/glew.h include/GL/wglew.h /opt/prebuilt/win/glew/include/GL/ \
+    && cd .. && rm -rf "glew-${GLEW_VERSION}" "glew-${GLEW_VERSION}.tgz"
+
+# fluidsynth-lite for Windows: same source/ref/DLL-mode patch as the
+# desktop build above, cross-compiled via the MinGW toolchain file. WIN32
+# skips fluidsynth-lite's own pthread dependency (see its CMakeLists.txt),
+# so no libwinpthread linkage to worry about here.
+RUN git clone https://github.com/EtherTyper/fluidsynth-lite.git fluidsynth-lite-win \
+    && cd fluidsynth-lite-win \
+    && git checkout "${FLUIDSYNTH_LITE_REF}" \
+    && sed -i 's/DLL"\ off/DLL"\ on/' CMakeLists.txt \
+    && rm -rf .git \
+    && cd .. \
+    && cmake -S fluidsynth-lite-win -B build-fluidsynth-win \
+        -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="${MINGW_TOOLCHAIN_FILE}" \
+    && cmake --build build-fluidsynth-win -j"$(nproc)" \
+    && mkdir -p /opt/prebuilt/win/fluidsynth-lite/lib /opt/prebuilt/win/fluidsynth-lite/include \
+    && cp build-fluidsynth-win/src/*.dll build-fluidsynth-win/src/*.dll.a \
+        /opt/prebuilt/win/fluidsynth-lite/lib/ \
+    && cp -a fluidsynth-lite-win/include/. /opt/prebuilt/win/fluidsynth-lite/include/ \
+    && cp build-fluidsynth-win/include/fluidsynth/version.h \
+        /opt/prebuilt/win/fluidsynth-lite/include/fluidsynth/version.h \
+    && rm -rf fluidsynth-lite-win build-fluidsynth-win
+
 # Node.js: needed only so Gitea/GitHub Actions' JS-based actions can run
 # when this image is used as a CI job's container - see NODE_VERSION above.
 RUN curl -sSL -o /tmp/node.tar.xz \
@@ -283,7 +385,15 @@ RUN git clone --branch "release-${ANDROID_OPENXR_VERSION}" --depth 1 \
 
 COPY build-image/docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh
 COPY build-image/build-engine.sh /usr/local/bin/build-engine.sh
-RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/build-engine.sh
+# 755, not +x: the entrypoint drops to a `builder` user matching the
+# *host's* UID/GID (see docker-entrypoint.sh), which is never in these
+# root-owned files' group, so it needs the image's own explicit
+# world-read+execute here - `chmod +x` alone only adds execute bits on
+# top of whatever "other" permissions the source file happened to have
+# (which depends on the host's umask at checkout, e.g. a restrictive
+# 0007 umask yields unreadable-by-other files, which then round-trip
+# into the image and cause a Permission denied at container run time).
+RUN chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/build-engine.sh
 
 # Marks a shell as already running inside this image (with every engine
 # build dependency prebuilt above) - lets the Makefile's `engine` target

build-image/build-engine-win.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Cross-compiles engine/ (the vendored Shockolate snapshot) for Windows
+# (x86_64) via MinGW, against the dependencies prebuilt into this image at
+# /opt/prebuilt/win - no network access needed. engine/CMakeLists.txt
+# already has working WIN32/MINGW branches (the upstream Shockolate
+# project's own build_win64.sh/appveyor.yml build the same way, natively
+# on Windows via Git Bash/MinGW; this cross-compiles the same branches
+# fully offline and reproducibly from Linux instead), so no source
+# patching is needed, unlike the Quest build's android/engine-patches/.
+#
+# Builds from a scratch copy of engine/ (like android/engine-patches/
+# does for the Quest build) rather than engine/ itself: its BUNDLED
+# dependency paths (build_ext/built_sdl etc.) and in-source CMake cache
+# are relative to/inside the source tree, and would otherwise collide
+# with the Linux desktop build's own build_ext/CMakeCache.txt (see
+# build-engine.sh) if both are built from the same checkout, as `make
+# dist` (dist-linux + dist-win) does.
+#
+# Must be run with the repo root as the working directory - either via
+# ../run-image.sh, or directly when already inside this image (see the
+# Makefile's `engine-win` target, which picks whichever of these
+# applies, same as `engine`).
+#
+# Output lands in engine/.build-output-win/: systemshock.exe, the DLLs
+# it needs at runtime, and a default MIDI soundfont - everything the
+# root Makefile needs to assemble dist-win/.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+REPO_ROOT="$(pwd)"
+SCRATCH_ENGINE="$REPO_ROOT/build/win-engine"
+OUT_DIR="$REPO_ROOT/engine/.build-output-win"
+
+echo "== Preparing a scratch copy of engine/ for the Windows cross-build =="
+rm -rf "$SCRATCH_ENGINE"
+mkdir -p "$(dirname "$SCRATCH_ENGINE")"
+
+# See build-engine.sh for why this detection is needed (e.g. a VirtualBox
+# vboxsf shared folder refusing to create symlinks or preserve hard-link
+# relationships) - applied here too since build/ is under the same
+# bind-mounted repo checkout.
+CP_FLAGS=(-a)
+mkdir -p "$(dirname "$SCRATCH_ENGINE")/.symlink-test-dir"
+if ! ln -s test-target "$(dirname "$SCRATCH_ENGINE")/.symlink-test-dir/test" 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "(destination filesystem doesn't support symlinks - copying real file content instead)"
+    CP_FLAGS=(-a --dereference --no-preserve=links)
+fi
+rm -rf "$(dirname "$SCRATCH_ENGINE")/.symlink-test-dir"
+
+cp "${CP_FLAGS[@]}" "$REPO_ROOT/engine" "$SCRATCH_ENGINE"
+cd "$SCRATCH_ENGINE"
+
+# If engine/ has ever been built in-source directly (`make dist`/`make
+# engine` - see build-engine.sh), that leftover CMakeCache.txt etc. just
+# got copied along verbatim - and it still points at the real engine/
+# path, not this scratch copy, which CMake refuses to configure against
+# ("directory is different than the directory where CMakeCache.txt was
+# created"). Same artifact list as .gitignore's "Engine build artifacts"
+# section.
+rm -rf build_ext CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake Makefile \
+    systemshock src/Libraries/CMakeFiles
+
+echo "== Wiring up prebuilt SDL2/SDL2_mixer/GLEW/fluidsynth-lite (Windows/MinGW) from the image =="
+rm -rf build_ext
+mkdir -p build_ext
+cp "${CP_FLAGS[@]}" /opt/prebuilt/win/sdl2 build_ext/built_sdl
+cp "${CP_FLAGS[@]}" /opt/prebuilt/win/sdl2_mixer build_ext/built_sdl_mixer
+cp "${CP_FLAGS[@]}" /opt/prebuilt/win/glew build_ext/built_glew
+# engine/CMakeLists.txt's BUNDLED FluidSynth mode hardcodes
+# build_ext/fluidsynth-lite/src as the library search path (matching the
+# desktop Linux in-source build's own output layout) - same lib/ -> src/
+# remapping build-image/prepare-android-project.sh does for the Quest
+# build's own prebuilt fluidsynth-lite.
+mkdir -p build_ext/fluidsynth-lite/src build_ext/fluidsynth-lite/include
+cp "${CP_FLAGS[@]}" /opt/prebuilt/win/fluidsynth-lite/lib/. build_ext/fluidsynth-lite/src/
+cp "${CP_FLAGS[@]}" /opt/prebuilt/win/fluidsynth-lite/include/. build_ext/fluidsynth-lite/include/
+
+echo "== Configuring (CMake, MinGW cross-compile, BUNDLED SDL2/SDL2_mixer/FluidSynth) =="
+cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="$MINGW_TOOLCHAIN_FILE" \
+    -DENABLE_SDL2=BUNDLED -DENABLE_SOUND=BUNDLED -DENABLE_FLUIDSYNTH=BUNDLED .
+
+echo "== Compiling =="
+make -j"$(nproc)" systemshock
+
+echo "== Assembling engine/.build-output-win =="
+rm -rf "$OUT_DIR"
+mkdir -p "$OUT_DIR"
+cp systemshock.exe "$OUT_DIR/"
+# Only SDL2.dll/SDL2_mixer.dll themselves - not SDL2_mixer's own bundled
+# codec DLLs (libvorbis, libmodplug, libopus, ...), matching what
+# engine/'s own upstream Windows build script (build_win64.sh) ships:
+# Shockolate only ever calls Mix_LoadWAV_RW/Mix_HookMusic (same as the
+# Quest build - see build-image/Dockerfile's Android layer comment),
+# never loading the OGG/MOD/MP3 game data those codecs would be for.
+cp build_ext/built_sdl/bin/SDL2.dll build_ext/built_sdl_mixer/bin/SDL2_mixer.dll "$OUT_DIR/"
+cp build_ext/built_glew/lib/glew32.dll "$OUT_DIR/"
+cp build_ext/fluidsynth-lite/src/*.dll "$OUT_DIR/"
+# libgcc/libstdc++ are statically linked (see the Dockerfile's
+# MINGW_TOOLCHAIN_FILE), but fluidsynth-lite/SDL2 still pull in the
+# MinGW pthread emulation dynamically.
+cp /usr/x86_64-w64-mingw32/lib/libwinpthread-1.dll "$OUT_DIR/"
+cp /opt/prebuilt/soundfont/default.sf2 "$OUT_DIR/soundfont.sf2"
+
+echo "== Done =="
+echo "Binary:     $OUT_DIR/systemshock.exe"
+echo "DLLs:       $OUT_DIR/*.dll"
+echo "Soundfont:  $OUT_DIR/soundfont.sf2"

build-image/build-engine.sh

@@ -22,9 +22,28 @@ cd "$ENGINE_DIR"
 echo "== Wiring up prebuilt SDL2/SDL2_mixer/fluidsynth-lite from the image =="
 rm -rf build_ext
 mkdir -p build_ext
-cp -a /opt/prebuilt/built_sdl build_ext/
+
-cp -a /opt/prebuilt/built_sdl_mixer build_ext/
+# Some filesystems the repo might be checked out on (e.g. a VirtualBox
-cp -a /opt/prebuilt/fluidsynth-lite build_ext/
+# vboxsf shared folder) refuse to create symlinks at all ("Operation not
+# permitted"), which plain `cp -a` needs for SDL2/SDL2_mixer's
+# libFoo.so -> libFoo.so.N -> libFoo.so.N.M dev-symlink chain. Detect
+# that up front, once, and copy real file content instead of recreating
+# links if so, rather than failing partway through. `-a` implies
+# --preserve=all (which includes hard-link relationships between files,
+# not just symlinks - SDL2's install hard-links the two most-specific
+# version files together), so --no-preserve=links is needed alongside
+# --dereference to avoid that too.
+CP_FLAGS=(-a)
+if ! ln -s test-target build_ext/.symlink-test 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "(destination filesystem doesn't support symlinks - copying real file content instead)"
+    CP_FLAGS=(-a --dereference --no-preserve=links)
+else
+    rm -f build_ext/.symlink-test
+fi
+
+cp "${CP_FLAGS[@]}" /opt/prebuilt/built_sdl build_ext/
+cp "${CP_FLAGS[@]}" /opt/prebuilt/built_sdl_mixer build_ext/
+cp "${CP_FLAGS[@]}" /opt/prebuilt/fluidsynth-lite build_ext/
 
 echo "== Configuring (CMake, BUNDLED SDL2/SDL2_mixer/FluidSynth) =="
 rm -f CMakeCache.txt
@@ -38,7 +57,7 @@ rm -rf "$OUT_DIR"
 mkdir -p "$OUT_DIR/lib"
 cp systemshock "$OUT_DIR/"
 find build_ext/built_sdl/lib build_ext/built_sdl_mixer/lib build_ext/fluidsynth-lite/src \
-    -name '*.so*' -not -name '*.la' -exec cp -a {} "$OUT_DIR/lib/" \;
+    -name '*.so*' -not -name '*.la' -exec cp "${CP_FLAGS[@]}" {} "$OUT_DIR/lib/" \;
 cp /opt/prebuilt/soundfont/default.sf2 "$OUT_DIR/soundfont.sf2"
 
 echo "== Done =="

build-image/docker-entrypoint.sh

@@ -11,4 +11,17 @@ USER_GID="${HOST_GID:-1000}"
 groupadd -g "$USER_GID" builder 2>/dev/null || true
 useradd -u "$USER_UID" -g "$USER_GID" -m -s /bin/bash builder 2>/dev/null || true
 
+# /workspace (the bind-mounted repo) may actually be owned by a group the
+# host user only has via *supplementary* membership rather than their
+# primary GID above - e.g. a VirtualBox vboxsf shared folder, which shows
+# up as root:vboxsf on the host and would otherwise be inaccessible to
+# `builder` here (falls through to "other", which vboxsf's default mode
+# leaves with no permissions at all). Join whatever group actually owns
+# /workspace too, if it differs.
+WORKSPACE_GID="$(stat -c %g /workspace 2>/dev/null || true)"
+if [ -n "$WORKSPACE_GID" ] && [ "$WORKSPACE_GID" != "$USER_GID" ]; then
+    groupadd -g "$WORKSPACE_GID" workspace 2>/dev/null || true
+    usermod -aG "$WORKSPACE_GID" builder 2>/dev/null || true
+fi
+
 exec gosu builder "$@"

res/run.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@echo off
+cd /d "%~dp0"
+systemshock.exe %*
+exit /b %errorlevel%