- Traefik rate-limits all routes (60 req/min standard, 300 for Nextcloud)
and writes access logs to /var/log/traefik/access.log
- Fail2ban watches Traefik access logs and bans IPs after 10 x 403/404
within 60 s for 24 h
- Nextcloud html directory created as www-data (UID 33) so Apache can
process .htaccess and serve requests correctly
- scripts/check-services.sh verifies all seven endpoints return the
expected HTTP status after provisioning